Tanzania and Somalia Elections: A New Benchmark for African Democracy

 

The recent elections in Tanzania and the ongoing political debates in Somalia highlight a crucial moment for democracy in Africa. On one hand, Tanzania’s presidential elections resulted in President Samia Suluhu Hassan reportedly winning 98% of the vote. While this victory was celebrated by some, it also sparked widespread unrest, accusations of vote manipulation, and political repression. Independent observers raised concerns over the fairness of the election process, questioning whether it truly reflected a democratic mandate.

President Samia, who initially assumed office in 2021 following the sudden passing of President John Pombe Magufuli, faced challenges from opposition groups claiming that they were unfairly blocked from fully participating in the electoral process. The aftermath of the elections included violent clashes, a heightened sense of political tension, and growing distrust among citizens regarding the transparency of governance.

Meanwhile, Somalia faces similar political turbulence, with debates over electoral processes and constitutional reforms initiated by President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. Federal member states such as Jubaland and Puntland, along with opposition groups, have openly opposed some of these reforms, arguing that they undermine power-sharing agreements and democratic principles. The Somali political environment is particularly tense, as the government has less than six months remaining in its current term, yet no consensus on an election framework has been reached. Analysts warn that a failure to resolve these disputes could weaken national stability and public confidence in the democratic system.

Together, these cases underscore a larger trend across Africa, where democratic institutions are under stress. In several countries, elections are increasingly viewed less as a mechanism for citizen representation and more as a tool for consolidating power. Leaders who manipulate electoral processes, restrict opposition participation, or rely on state machinery to maintain authority threaten the integrity of democratic governance.

Despite these challenges, the situation also provides an opportunity for African nations to reevaluate their democratic frameworks. Transparency, accountability, and citizen participation must remain at the center of any electoral system. Civil society, independent media, and international observers play a critical role in monitoring elections and ensuring that political leaders respect democratic norms. Lessons from Tanzania and Somalia could serve as benchmarks for reform, emphasizing the importance of credible, inclusive, and competitive elections.

Ultimately, the health of democracy in Africa depends on the willingness of leaders to accept checks and balances, uphold the rule of law, and engage in dialogue with citizens and political stakeholders. While Tanzania’s elections have revealed the fragility of democratic institutions under concentrated power, Somalia’s ongoing political debate shows the potential for negotiation and compromise to safeguard democratic values.

These parallel stories remind us that democracy is not only about elections—it is about fostering trust, ensuring accountability, and empowering citizens to shape their future. As Africa navigates these challenges, the experiences of Tanzania and Somalia will likely influence political reforms and democratic practices across the continent, serving as both a warning and a guide for strengthening governance and citizen participation.